如何在Ubuntu 11.04上为高可用性2个节点安装Repcached(Memcached Replication)
这是一个基于MarcusSpiegel 在这里发现的简短教程。 这将如何覆盖在Ubuntu服务器11.04上安装Repcached的缺少部件。 这是一个复制/粘贴友好的教程,所以使用油灰将使这更容易。
这将介绍如何安装和构建memcached与复制,创建一个启动脚本,并配置PHP使用memcache进行会话,而不是将它们存储为文件。 本教程假设您已经设置了2个服务器来复制信息。
我的设置
在这个演示中,我将在2台主机上设置repcache,他们将同时安装lighttpd和repcache。
- Web服务器1:
server1.example.com
,IP地址:10.10.20.10
; 这将被称为server1
。 - Web Server 2:
server2.example.com
,IP地址:10.10.20.11
; 这将被称为server2
。
2.安装repcache
首先,您需要访问http://repcached.lab.klab.org/并下载最新版本(最新版本:2.2-1.2.8)。 下载tar文件后,我们需要安装一些额外的包。 在两个节点上执行此操作。
apt-get install libevent-dev g++ make
从这里我们可以继续安装。
tar xvf memcached-1.2.8-repcached-2.2.tar
cd memcached-1.2.8-repcached-2.2/
./configure --enable-replication
make
make install
3.配置repcache
Repcache现在安装,二进制位置是/ usr / local / bin / memcached
。 从这里我们将创建配置文件和启动脚本。 配置文件和init脚本是在MarcusSpiegel的howto中找到的 。 在两个节点上执行此操作。
首先用vi
打开文件:
vi /etc/memcachedrep
然后输入以下内容,请记住更改IP地址。 此IP将是您要复制到的其他服务器。
## extra commandline options to start memcached in replicated mode # -x < ip_addr > hostname or IP address of the master replication server # -X < num > TCP port number of the master (default: 11212) DAEMON_ARGS="-m 64 -p 11211 -u root -P /var/run/memcachedrep.pid -d -x 10.10.20.11"
保存文件后,我们需要创建init脚本。 再次,这是MarcusSpiegel的howto的配置位置的一些细微变化。
vi /etc/init.d/memcachedrep
#! /bin/sh ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: memcached # Required-Start: $syslog # Required-Stop: $syslog # Should-Start: $local_fs # Should-Stop: $local_fs # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Short-Description: memcached - Memory caching daemon replicated # Description: memcached - Memory caching daemon replicated ### END INIT INFO # Author: Michael # # Please remove the "Author" lines above and replace them # with your own name if you copy and modify this script. # Do NOT "set -e" # PATH should only include /usr/* if it runs after the mountnfs.sh script PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin DESC="memcachedrep" NAME=memcached DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/$NAME DAEMON_ARGS="--options args" PIDFILE=/var/run/memcachedrep.pid SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$DESC VERBOSE="yes" # Exit if the package is not installed [ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0 # Read configuration variable file if it is present [ -r /etc/$DESC ] && . /etc/$DESC # Load the VERBOSE setting and other rcS variables . /lib/init/vars.sh # Define LSB log_* functions. # Depend on lsb-base (>= 3.0-6) to ensure that this file is present. . /lib/lsb/init-functions # # Function that starts the daemon/service # do_start() { # Return # 0 if daemon has been started # 1 if daemon was already running # 2 if daemon could not be started start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \ || return 1 start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON -- \ $DAEMON_ARGS \ || return 2 # Add code here, if necessary, that waits for the process to be ready # to handle requests from services started subsequently which depend # on this one. As a last resort, sleep for some time. } # # Function that stops the daemon/service # do_stop() { # Return # 0 if daemon has been stopped # 1 if daemon was already stopped # 2 if daemon could not be stopped # other if a failure occurred start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME RETVAL="$?" [ "$RETVAL" = 2 ] && return 2 # Wait for children to finish too if this is a daemon that forks # and if the daemon is only ever run from this initscript. # If the above conditions are not satisfied then add some other code # that waits for the process to drop all resources that could be # needed by services started subsequently. A last resort is to # sleep for some time. start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry=0/30/KILL/5 --exec $DAEMON [ "$?" = 2 ] && return 2 # Many daemons don't delete their pidfiles when they exit. rm -f $PIDFILE return "$RETVAL" } # # Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service # do_reload() { # # If the daemon can reload its configuration without # restarting (for example, when it is sent a SIGHUP), # then implement that here. # start-stop-daemon --stop --signal 1 --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME return 0 } case "$1" in start) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME" do_start case "$?" in 0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;; 2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; stop) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME" do_stop case "$?" in 0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;; 2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; #reload|force-reload) # # If do_reload() is not implemented then leave this commented out # and leave 'force-reload' as an alias for 'restart'. # #log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC" "$NAME" #do_reload #log_end_msg $? #;; restart|force-reload) # # If the "reload" option is implemented then remove the # 'force-reload' alias # log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME" do_stop case "$?" in 0|1) do_start case "$?" in 0) log_end_msg 0 ;; 1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running *) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start esac ;; *) # Failed to stop log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; *) #echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload}" >&2 echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2 exit 3 ;; esac :
保存,然后键入以下内容。
chmod +x /etc/init.d/memcacherep
update-rc.d memcachedrep defaults
这将确保每次重新启动服务器时都会启动重新缓存。
4.测试
在我们继续之前,我们将测试2个节点正在复制。
server1:
telnet 127.0.0.1 11211
然后输入
set foo 0 0 3
bar
你应该看到STORED一词出现在它下面。 输入
quit
它将返回到控制台。 转到其他服务器并输入以下内容。
server2:
telnet 127.0.0.1 11211
然后输入
get foo
它应该返回在第一个服务器上输入的值。 如果有复制正在工作。
5.设置PHP
这里我将向您展示如何设置PHP以使用memcache。 因为我使用lighttpd目录可能不同于那些使用apache2或nginx。 在控制台中键入以下内容,然后重复使用辅助服务器。
vi /etc/php5/cgi/php.ini
搜索文件,直到找到以下内容:
[Session] ; Handler used to store/retrieve data. ; http://php.net/session.save-handler session.save_handler = files
你将需要改变这些:
[Session] ; Handler used to store/retrieve data. ; http://php.net/session.save-handler extension = memcache.so session.save_handler = memcache session.save_path = "tcp://127.0.0.1:11211"
一旦这些保存简单地输入(记住将其更改为您用于托管的软件):
/etc/init.d/lighttpd force-reload
或者只需重新启动两个服务器。 现在,您可以通过在其中创建一个会话并从另一个读取该会话来测试该PHP正确使用它们。