MySQL备份:按表自动轮换备份,易于恢复部分/完整数据库
这是一个MySQL备份脚本,可以采用压缩格式的表格备份(每个数据库的每个表的单个备份文件)。 它还提供了自动轮换旧的备份文件。 备份脚本分别处理innodb和myisam表。
您必须在运行备份脚本之前设置以下变量。
DB_USER
可以访问所有数据库及其表的数据库用户。 我使用“root”进行部署。
DB_PASS
以上用户的密码,前缀为“-p”。 例如,如果密码为“密码”,则应将密码写为“-pSecret”。
BAKUP_LOG
将写入备份日志的文件。 运行脚本的用户应该可以写。
BASE_BAK_FLDR
备份文件夹。 运行脚本的用户应该可以写。
RM_FLDR_DAYS
备用旋转周期。 +30
是30天。
备份脚本
#!/bin/bash # Database Backup script. # Created By: Mohammed Salih # Senior System Administrator # Date: 21/06/2007 # # Database credentials DB_USER=root #Please append password in the xxxxx section below, note that there is # no space between -p and xxxxx DB_PASS="-pxxxxxxx" # Get list of Databases except the pid file DBS_LIST=$(echo "show databases;"|mysql -u $DB_USER $DB_PASS -N) # Log file BAKUP_LOG=/backup/log/db-backup.log # Backup Base directory BASE_BAK_FLDR=/backup/db # Backup rotation period. RM_FLDR_DAYS="+30" # From here, only edit if you know what you are doing. index=0 # Check if we can connect to the mysql server; otherwise die if [ ! "$(id -u -n)" = "mysql" ]; then echo -e "Error:: $0 : Only user 'mysql' can run this script" exit 100 fi PING=$(mysqladmin ping -u $DB_USER $DB_PASS 2>/dev/null) if [ "$PING" != "mysqld is alive" ]; then echo "Error:: Unable to connected to MySQL Server, exiting !!" exit 101 fi # Backup process starts here. # Flush logs prior to the backup. mysql -u $DB_USER $DB_PASS -e "FLUSH LOGS" # Loop through the DB list and create table level backup, # applying appropriate option for MyISAM and InnoDB tables. for DB in $DBS_LIST; do DB_BKP_FLDR=$BASE_BAK_FLDR/$(date +%d-%m-%Y)/$DB [ ! -d $DB_BKP_FLDR ] && mkdir -p $DB_BKP_FLDR # Get the schema of database with the stored procedures. # This will be the first file in the database backup folder mysqldump -u $DB_USER $DB_PASS -R -d --single-transaction $DB | \ gzip -c > $DB_BKP_FLDR/000-DB_SCHEMA.sql.gz index=0 #Get the tables and its type. Store it in an array. table_types=($(mysql -u $DB_USER $DB_PASS -e "show table status from $DB" | \ awk '{ if ($2 == "MyISAM" || $2 == "InnoDB") print $1,$2}')) table_type_count=${#table_types[@]} # Loop through the tables and apply the mysqldump option according to the table type # The table specific SQL files will not contain any create info for the table schema. # It will be available in SCHEMA file while [ "$index" -lt "$table_type_count" ]; do START=$(date +%s) TYPE=${table_types[$index + 1]} table=${table_types[$index]} echo -en "$(date) : backup $DB : $table : $TYPE " if [ "$TYPE" = "MyISAM" ]; then DUMP_OPT="-u $DB_USER $DB_PASS $DB --no-create-info --tables " else DUMP_OPT="-u $DB_USER $DB_PASS $DB --no-create-info --single-transaction --tables" fi mysqldump $DUMP_OPT $table |gzip -c > $DB_BKP_FLDR/$table.sql.gz index=$(($index + 2)) echo -e " - Total time : $(($(date +%s) - $START))\n" done done # Rotating old backup. according to the 'RM_FLDR_DAYS' if [ ! -z "$RM_FLDR_DAYS" ]; then echo -en "$(date) : removing folder : " find $BASE_BAK_FLDR/ -maxdepth 1 -mtime $RM_FLDR_DAYS -type d -exec rm -rf {} \; echo fi
备份位置
例如,如果您在2007年1月1日获得了“bigdb”的备份,则备份将被保留
$BKP_BASE_FLDR/01-01-2007/bigdb
还原脚本
以下命令/脚本是恢复2007年1月1日进行备份的名为bigdb的数据库示例。
cd /backup/01-01-2007/bigdb;
for table in *; do gunzip -c $table | mysql -u root -pSecret bigdb_new; done.
上述命令将遍历目录中的文件列表,并将所有表恢复到bigdb_new数据库。 假设您在运行脚本之前已经创建了bigdb_new数据库。