使用Postfix，Courier和MySQL的虚拟用户和域的自动响应

使用Postfix，Courier和MySQL的虚拟用户和域的自动回复

本指南专注于制作Yaa！ （另一个自动回复！）与Debian Sarge和Postfix教程中的虚拟用户配合使用（请参见https://www.youcl.com/info/4368 ）。

了解该指南的第一件事是它使用虚拟交付代理（VDA），因此，您可以通过一个.forward文件将它们传递给管道的任何一个自动应答器根本就不会像VDA不支持.forward扩展。 这个限制可以通过Procmail / Maildrop传递来克服，但是对于大量使用的邮件系统来说，这是一个凌乱而且更慢的邮件系统。 简单的答案是雅雅！

让我们下载Yaa并开始派对：

mkdir -p /usr/local/postfix-tools 

cd  /usr/local/postfix-tools

wget http://frost.ath.cx/software/yaa/dist/yaa-0.3.tar.bz2

tar jxvf yaa-0.3.tar.bz2

接下来，我们必须获得所需的Perl模块来使Yaa工作。 Yaa在守护进程模式下工作，但是在本指南中，我只会关注程序的非守护程序模式。

apt-get install libmldbm-perl libio-lockedfile-perl  libnet-perl libcarp-clan-perl libdbi-perl libdbd-mysql-perl libnet-server-perl libio-stringy-perl

让我们设置数据库结构，使Yaa工作：

mysql -uroot -p

use mail;

CREATE TABLE `autoresponder` (
 `active` tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '0',
 `message` mediumtext NOT NULL,
 `subject` varchar(250) NOT NULL default '',
 `charset` varchar(250) NOT NULL default '',
 `forward` varchar(250) NOT NULL default '',
 `address` varchar(250) NOT NULL default '',
 `local_domains` varchar(250) NOT NULL default '',
 `tstart` int(32) NOT NULL default '0',
 `tfinish` int(32) NOT NULL default '0',
 PRIMARY KEY (`address`),
 KEY `active` (`active`),
 KEY `tstart` (`tstart`,`tfinish`)
)

quit;

接下来我们要配置Postfix来调用Yaa！ 通过传输，所以我们需要编辑/etc/postfix/master.cf来添加以下内容：

 # yaa autoresponder
yaa     unix    -       n       n       -       -       pipe
                                                        user=vmail
                                                        argv=/usr/local/postfix-tools/yaa-0.3/bin/yaa.pl

让我们重新启动Postfix以启用更改：

/etc/init.d/postfix restart

最后我们需要配置Yaa！ 为了使事情更容易，我提供了我的yaa.conf

######################################################
#                 !!!!WARNING!!!!                    #
#  DO NOT REMOVE OR COMMENT OUT THE FOLLOWING LINE   #
use strict;                                          #
######################################################

# NOTICE:
# If you're having trouble running yaa.pl and you're
# not shure, what's going wrong, set environment varibale
#
#                   YAA_DEBUG
#
# and run yaa.pl again with the same arguments/configuration file.
#
# Yaa debug output will be written to stderr if running in single
# message processing mode or in daemon mode with $daemon_background = 0.
# 
# If you're running in daemon mode with $daemon_background = 1, debug messages
# will be sent to logger subsystem if it's enabled.
#
# example for csh:
# setenv YAA_DEBUG 1
#
# example for sh/ksh/bash:
# export YAA_DEBUG=1
#


# GENERAL NOTES
# 
# excerpt taken from configuration file of excellent opensource project
# called amavisd-new <http://www.ijs.si/software/amavisd/>
# by Mark Martinec <http://www.ijs.si/people/mark/>.
# 
#  This file is a normal Perl code, interpreted by Perl itself.
#  - make sure this file (or directory where it resides) is NOT WRITABLE
#    by mere mortals, otherwise it represents a severe security risk!
#  - for values which are interpreted as booleans, it is recommended
#    to use 1 for true, and 0 or undef or '' for false.
#  - Perl syntax applies. Most notably: strings in "" may include variables
#    (which start with $ or @); to include characters @ and $ in double
#    quoted strings, precede them by a backslash; in single-quoted strings
#    the $ and @ lose their special meaning, so it is usually easier to use
#    single quoted strings. Still, in both cases backslash needs to be doubled.


######################################################
#           LOGGING SUBSYSTEM SETTINGS               #
######################################################

# enable logging?
# type: boolean
# default: 1
# $logging = 1;

# enable logging to syslog?
# type: boolean
# default: 1
$log_syslog = 1;

# syslog logging facility
# type: string
# default: "mail"
# this setting applies only when logging to syslog is enabled
# $log_syslog_facility = "mail";

# syslog logging priority
# type: string
# default: "info"
# this setting applies only when logging to syslog is enabled
# $log_syslog_priority = "info";

# log to plaintext file?
# type: boolean
# default: 0
#$log_file = 1;

# log filename
# type: string
# default: undef
# this setting applies only when logging to file is enabled
#$log_file_filename = "/var/log/yaa.log";

# log to stderr?
# type: boolean
# default: 0
# !!!! WARNING !!!!
# when yaa debugging is turned on (environment variable YAA_DEBUG is set),
# STDERR output is mapped to logger subsystem and nothing actually doesn't show up
# on real stderr, so make shure to set up syslog or file based logging.
# !!!! WARNING !!!!
# $log_stderr = 0;

# log time format when logging in file
# type: string
# default: "[%a, %b %e %T %Y]: "
# see strftime(3) for more details
# $log_time_format = undef;


######################################################
#               DAEMON MODE SETTINGS                 #
######################################################

# run as daemon?
# type: boolean
# default: 0, do not run as daemon
# this setting enables daemon mode operation.
# $daemon = 1;

$daemon = 0;
$daemon_lockfile = "/tmp/yaa.lock";
$daemon_pidfile = "/tmp/yaa.pid";
$daemon_tcpserver_loglevel = 4;

# fork into background when running as daemon?
# default: 1
# this setting applies only when operating in daemon mode
# $daemon_background = 1;

# daemon accept lock file
# type: string
# default: "/var/lock/yaa.lock"
# this setting applies only when operating in daemon mode
# WARNING: if running in chroot jail, this option should be
# set relative to chroot directory
# $daemon_lockfile = "/tmp/yaa.lock";

# daemon pid file
# type: string
# default: "/var/run/yaa.lock"
# this setting applies only when operating in daemon mode
# $daemon_pidfile = "/tmp/yaa.pid";

# minimum number of yaa child processes
# type: integer
# default: 2
# this setting applies only when operating in daemon mode
# $daemon_min_servers = 2;

# maximum number of yaa child processes
# type: integer
# default: 3
# this setting applies only when operating in daemon mode
# $daemon_max_servers = 3;

# minimum number of yaa spare child processes
# type: integer
# default: 1
# this setting applies only when operating in daemon mode
# $daemon_min_spare_servers = 0;

# maximum number of yaa spare child processes
# type: integer
# default: 1
# this setting applies only when operating in daemon mode
#$daemon_max_spare_servers = 1;

# daemon communication protocol
# type: string
# protocol which your MTA uses for communication with yaa
#
# NOTICE: for possible values for this configuration parameter, RUN
# yaa.pl --list-transport-protocols
#
# default: "SMTP"
# this setting applies only when operating in daemon mode
# $daemon_protocol = "LMTP";

# tcp listen port or unix domain socket on which yaa should listen
# type: integer/string
# default: 40000
# to specify unix domain socket set value to: '/path/to/socket|unix'
#
# see also: perldoc Net::Server::Proto
#
# this setting applies only when operating in daemon mode
# $daemon_listen_port = 40000;

# hostname which yaa should bind to.
# type: string
# default: "localhost"
# this setting applies only when operating in daemon mode
# $daemon_listen_host = "127.0.0.1";

# daemon tcpserver (Net::Server) log level
# type: integer
# default: 0
# 'O' => disable logging
# 0 => 'err'
# 1 => 'warning'
# 2 => 'notice'
# 3 => 'info'
# 4 => 'debug'
$daemon_tcpserver_loglevel = 4;


######################################################
#               YAA OBJECT SETTINGS                  #
######################################################

# directory used to store autoresponse message sent time database.
# type: string
# default: "/tmp"
# !!!! WARNING !!!!
# 
#   -  if you're running yaa chrooted (see configuration variable $chroot),
#      then you need to set this variable to value RELATIVE to chroot directory
#
#   - directory must be writeable for uid/gid which yaa uses for message processing
#     see also $user and $group variables
#
# !!!! WARNING !!!!
# $db_dir = "/db";

# time in seconds between to autoresponses will be sent to the
# same message sender from message recipient which has autoresponder
# turned on.
# 
# !!!! WARNING !!!!
#
# For testing purposes, set to -1 (turn off time checking), 
# BUT DO NOT SET THIS VALUE LOWER THAN 3600 (1 hour) ON
# PRODUCTION SYSTEM !!!!
#
# !!!! WARNING !!!!
# type: integer
# default: 7200
# $duration_interval = 24 * 60 * 60;
$duration_interval = "-1";

######################################################
#             AUTORESPONSE SETTINGS                  #
######################################################

# method used for sending autoresponses and forwaring messages
# type: string
# possible values: "smtp", "sendmail"
# - "smtp" uses smtp server to send mail
# - "sendmail" invokes sendmail binary to send mail
#
# !!!!WARNING!!!!: weird things happen when using sendmail sending
# method and running in daemon mode!
#
# default: "smtp"
# $mail_sending_method = "smtp";

# sendmail program path
# type string
# default: automaticaly searched in $PATH environmental variable;
# undef if not found in $PATH.
#$sendmail_path = undef;

# SMTP server setting
# type: string
#
# see also perldoc Net::SMTP
#
# default: localhost
# $smtp_server = "localhost";

# Use SMTP auth?
# type: boolean
# default: 0
# $smtp_auth = 0;

# SMTP auth username
# type: string
# default: undef
# $smtp_username = undef;

# SMTP auth password
# type: string
# default: undef
# $smtp_password = undef;


######################################################
#              LOOKUP MAP SETTINGS                   #
######################################################

# List of ALL lookup maps
# You need to define lookup maps here and
# then set lookup_map_query_order, where you reference to
# the lookup name
# 
# NOTICE:
# All lookup maps are initialized BEFORE Yaa! enters chroot jail (if any)
# and BEFORE starts processing emails.
#
#
# NOTICE: To obtain list of all lookup drivers, RUN
# yaa.pl --list-lookup-map-drivers
#
# type: hash of hashes
# default: empty hash (no defined lookup maps)
$lookup_maps = {
    #
    # !!!WARNING!!!!
    #
    # FOR COMPLETE LIST OF DRIVER CONFIGURATION ARGUMENTS
    # RUN yaa.pl --show-lookup-map-doc <DRIVER>
    #

    # Lookup map configuration format
    # 
    # 'map_name' => {
    #    'driver' => 'DRIVER_NAME',
    #    'driver_param1' => 'value1'.
    #    'driver_param2' => 'value2',
    #    'driver_param3' => 'value3',
    # },

    # SQL lookup map example
    #
    # (used sql database: mysql)
    # (for other types see perldoc DBD::<yourdb>)
    # 
     'my_sql_map' => {
        'driver' => 'SQL',
        'sql_dsn' => 'dbi:mysql:database=mail;host=localhost',
        'sql_username' => "mail_admin",
        'sql_password' => "mail_admin_password",
        'sql_select' => "select active,message,subject,charset,forward from autoresponder where address = %m and active='1'",
    },
    
    # PCRE lookup map example
    #
    # 'my_pcre_map' => {
    #    'driver' => 'PCRE',
    #    'file' => "file.pcre",
    #    'replacement_num' => 0
    #},
    
    # STATIC lookup map example
    # 'my_static_map' => {
    #    'driver' => 'STATIC',
    #    'result_key1' => 'result_value1',
    #    'result_key2' => 'result_value2',
    #    'result' => 'sth'
    #},
    
    # LDAP lookup map sample
    # 'my_ldap_map' => {
    #    'driver' => 'LDAP',
    #    'ldap_host' => 'ldap.example.org',
    #
    #    'ldap_bind' => 1,
    #    'ldap_bind_dn' => "cn=Manager,dc=example,dc=org",
    #    'ldap_bind_pw' => "secret",
    #
    #    'ldap_search_base' => "ou=MyOU,dc=example,dc=org",
    #    'ldap_search_filter' => "(&(objectClass=rfc822Recipient)(mail=%m)(accountActive=1)",
    #    'ldap_search_attrs' => ['autoResponseActive', 'autoResponseSubject', 'autoresponseMessage', 'autoResponseCharset', 'autoresponseForward'],
    #},
    
    # DB_File lookup map sample
    # 'my_dbf_map' => {
    #    'driver' => 'DB_File',
    #    'file' => "/path/to/mydb",
    #},
    
    # BerkeleyDB lookup map sample
    #'my_dbd_map' => {
    #    'driver' => 'BerkeleyDB',
    #    'type' => 'Btree',
    #    'file' => "/path/to/mydb"
    #},
};

# lookup map query order by attribute
# for each autoresponse except 'rewrite_recipient' and 'rewrite_sender' must
# be defined lookup query order
# 
# Each item can be specified as:
# + string   (example: 'domain.tld')
# 
# OR
# 
# lookup_map_name:result_value (example: 'my_pcre_map:result')
#
# Lookup map is recognized by ':' character in string.
#
# Lookup map 'lookup_map_name' MUST BE specified in $lookup_maps configuration
# parameter in yaa.conf
#
# type: hash of hashes
# default: empty hash (no lookups order lists defined)
#
#
$lookup_map_query_order = {
        active => [
                'my_sql_map:active'
        ],
        subject => [
                'my_sql_map:subject'
        ],
        message => [
                'my_sql_map:message'
        ],
        charset => [
               # 'my_sql_map:charset'
        ],
        forward => [
                'my_sql_map:forward'
        ],
        rewrite_sender => [
                #empty
        ],
        rewrite_recipient => [
                #empty
        ],
        'local_domains' => [
                'my_sql_map:local_domains'
        ],
};

######################################################
#                 OTHER SETTINGS                     #
######################################################

# chroot to some directory?
# type: string
# default: undef, do not chroot
# Warning: yaa must be started as superuser to enable this feature.
# this applies to daemon and single message processing mode
# $chroot = undef;

# change uid/gid before processing?
# type: string
# default: undef, do not change uid/gid
# Warning: yaa must be started as superuser to enable this feature.
# this applies to daemon and single message processing mode
# $user = undef;
# $group = undef;

# Load additional perl modules before processing any message
# Modules in this list will be loaded before Yaa! will process any
# message in single process mode or become daemon, when running
# in daemon mode.
#
# This configuration parameter is very handy when
# when running in chroot jail
#
# type: array
# default: empty array (don't load any additional modules)
@extra_modules = (
    # !!!!WARNING!!!!
    # when as chrooted daemon, uncomment the following line
    # 'Net::Server::Mail::ESMTP::PIPELINING',
    
    # if running chrooted, and using mysql version
    # of SQL lookup map, uncomment the following line
    #'DBD::mysql',
    
    # if running chrooted, and using postgres version
    # of SQL lookup map, uncomment the following line
    #'DBD::Pg',
);

######################################################
#                 !!!!WARNING!!!!                    #
#  COMMENT OUT THE FOLLOWING LINE TO MAKE YAA WORK!  #
#                 !!!!WARNING!!!!                    #
######################################################
#die "You haven't edit configuration file, have you?:))";

######################################################
#                 !!!!WARNING!!!!                    #
#  DO NOT REMOVE OR COMMENT OUT THE FOLLOWING LINE   #
1;                                                   #
###################################################### 

你将需要找到

 'my_sql_map' => {
        'driver' => 'SQL',
        'sql_dsn' => 'dbi:mysql:database=mail;host=localhost',
        'sql_username' => "mail_admin",
        'sql_password' => "mail_admin_password",
        'sql_select' => "select active,message,subject,charset,forward from autoresponder where address = %m and active='1'", 

并编辑您自己的用户名和密码。

接下来，我们需要添加一些临时数据库条目。

INSERT INTO `forwardings` ( `source` , `destination` ) VALUES ('user@domain.com', 'user@domain.com, user@autoreply.domain.com');

INSERT INTO `transport` ( `domain` , `transport` ) VALUES ('autoreply.domain.com', 'yaa');

INSERT INTO `autoresponder` ( `active` , `message` , `subject` , `charset` , `forward` , `address` , `local_domains` , `tstart` , `tfinish` ) VALUES ('1', 'Message Body', 'Message Subject', '', '', 'user@domain.com', 'autoreply.domain.com', '0', '0');

此外，您可以填充tstart / tfinish值，这些在Unix时间戳中完成，并允许您在特定时间段内启用自动应答程序 - 对于那些永远忘记在他们返回办公室后将其关闭的人来说，是非常好的！

INSERT INTO `autoresponder` ( `active` , `message` , `subject` , `charset` , `forward` , `address` , `local_domains` , `tstart` , `tfinish` ) VALUES ('1', 'Message Body', 'Message Subject', '', '', 'user@domain.com', 'autoreply.domain.com', UNIX_TIMESTAMP(), UNIX_TIMESTAMP() + 14400);

在Thunderbird下，我注意到有关回复主题的一些非常古怪的行为，所以我googled发现一个小补丁来解决问题。

创建一个名为email_subject.patch的文件：

--- Autoresponse.pm     2004-08-19 20:35:28.000000000 +0200
+++ Autoresponse.pm     2005-07-14 13:16:03.000000000 +0200
@@ -182,7 +182,11 @@
        push(@headers, "Precedence: bulk");

        # Subject
-       push(@headers, "Subject: =?" . (($self->{charset}) ? $self->{charset} : $self->{default_charset}) . "?Q?" . encode_qp($subject) . "?=");
+       #
+       # Fixes the strange subjects that email clients don't understand
+       # (second argument on encode_qp should be "")
+       push(@headers, "Subject: =?" . (($self->{charset}) ? $self->{charset} : $self->{default_charset}) . "?Q?" . encode_qp($subject,"") . "?=");


        push(@headers, "MIME-Version: 1.0"); 

接下来我们应用补丁：

cd /usr/local/postfix-tools/yaa-0.3/lib/

patch -p0 <email_subject.patch

本指南不关心Yaa的守护版本！ 这可能在非常大量的邮件上更有效率，但是如果需要守护程序版本，则应该仅仅是调整yaa.conf文件的问题。

Yaa有一些很大的功能，如在一定时间内不回复同一个人，所以它可以非常聪明，特别是你可以让两个自动应答程序响应自己并创建一个循环。 这不会发生在Yaa！