在上一篇文章中，我们已经解释了如何在CentOS / RHEL / Fedora中删除旧的未使用的内核 。 在本文中，我们将解释如何在Debian和Ubuntu系统中删除旧的未使用的内核，但在进一步移动之前，您可能需要安装最新版本才能充分利用：安全修复程序，新内核函数，更新的驱动程序等多得多。
要在Ubuntu和Debian中将内核升级到最新版本，请遵循以下指导：
重要提示 ：建议保持至少一个或两个旧的内核回退，以防更新有问题。
要了解您的系统上运行的当前版本的Linux内核 ，请使用以下命令。
$ uname -sr Linux 4.12.0-041200-generic
要列出系统上的所有安装的内核，请发出此命令。
$ dpkg -l | grep linux-image | awk '{print$2}'
linux-image-4.12.0-041200-generic
linux-image-4.8.0-22-generic
linux-image-extra-4.8.0-22-generic
linux-image-generic
在Debian和Ubuntu上删除旧的未使用的内核
运行以下命令删除特定的linux映像及其配置文件，然后更新grub2配置，最后重新启动系统。
$ sudo apt remove --purge linux-image-4.4.0-21-generic $ sudo update-grub2 $ sudo reboot
在Ubuntu中删除旧内核
[sudo] password for youcl: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: linux-generic linux-headers-4.8.0-59 linux-headers-4.8.0-59-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-4.8.0-59-generic linux-image-extra-4.8.0-59-generic linux-image-generic Suggested packages: fdutils linux-doc-4.8.0 | linux-source-4.8.0 linux-tools Recommended packages: thermald The following packages will be REMOVED: linux-image-4.8.0-22-generic* linux-image-extra-4.8.0-22-generic* The following NEW packages will be installed: linux-headers-4.8.0-59 linux-headers-4.8.0-59-generic linux-image-4.8.0-59-generic linux-image-extra-4.8.0-59-generic The following packages will be upgraded: linux-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic 3 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 2 to remove and 182 not upgraded. Need to get 72.0 MB of archives. After this operation, 81.7 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-headers-4.8.0-59 all 4.8.0-59.64 [10.2 MB] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-headers-4.8.0-59-generic amd64 4.8.0-59.64 [811 kB] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-generic amd64 4.8.0.59.72 [1,782 B] Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-headers-generic amd64 4.8.0.59.72 [2,320 B] Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-image-4.8.0-59-generic amd64 4.8.0-59.64 [23.6 MB] Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-image-extra-4.8.0-59-generic amd64 4.8.0-59.64 [37.4 MB] Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 linux-image-generic amd64 4.8.0.59.72 [2,348 B] Fetched 72.0 MB in 7min 12s (167 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.8.0-59. (Reading database ... 104895 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../0-linux-headers-4.8.0-59_4.8.0-59.64_all.deb ... Unpacking linux-headers-4.8.0-59 (4.8.0-59.64) ... Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.8.0-59-generic. Preparing to unpack .../1-linux-headers-4.8.0-59-generic_4.8.0-59.64_amd64.deb ... Unpacking linux-headers-4.8.0-59-generic (4.8.0-59.64) ... Preparing to unpack .../2-linux-generic_4.8.0.59.72_amd64.deb ... Unpacking linux-generic (4.8.0.59.72) over (4.8.0.22.31) ... Preparing to unpack .../3-linux-headers-generic_4.8.0.59.72_amd64.deb ... Unpacking linux-headers-generic (4.8.0.59.72) over (4.8.0.22.31) ... Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-4.8.0-59-generic. Preparing to unpack .../4-linux-image-4.8.0-59-generic_4.8.0-59.64_amd64.deb ... Done. Removing linux-image-4.8.0-22-generic (4.8.0-22.24) ... Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.8.0-22-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-22-generic update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-4.8.0-22-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.8.0-22-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-22-generic Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.12.0-041200-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.12.0-041200-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-59-generic done ...
虽然这种方法工作正常，但是使用一个名为“ byobu ”的方便的脚本，将上述所有命令组合成一个单一的程序，并提供有用的选项，例如指定要保留在系统上的内核数量，这是更可靠和高效的。
安装byobu脚本包，它提供一个名为purge-old-kernel的程序，用于从系统中删除旧的内核和头文件包。
$ sudo apt install byobu
然后删除这样的旧内核（以下命令允许将2个内核保存在系统上）。
$ sudo purge-old-kernels --keep 2
您可能还想阅读以下有关Linux内核的相关文章。
在本文中，我们描述了如何在Ubuntu和Debian系统上删除旧的未使用的内核映像。 您可以通过下面的反馈分享任何想法。
