在CentOS 5.7上安装和使用OpenVZ
在本教程中，我将介绍如何为OpenVZ准备CentOS 5.7服务器。 使用OpenVZ，您可以在同一硬件上创建多个虚拟专用服务器（VPS），类似于Xen和Linux Vserver项目。 OpenVZ是Virtuozzo的开源分支，Virtuozzo是许多提供虚拟服务器的提供商所使用的商业虚拟化解决方案。 OpenVZ内核补丁是根据GPL许可证授权的，用户级工具是QPL许可证。
这是一个实践指南; 它不包括理论背景。 他们在网络上的许多其他文档中被处理。
本文档不附带任何形式的保证！ 我想说，这不是设立这样一个制度的唯一办法。 实现这一目标有很多方法，但这是我所采取的方式。 我不会保证这将为您工作！
1安装OpenVZ
为了安装OpenVZ，我们需要将OpenVZ存储库添加到yum：
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
wget http://download.openvz.org/openvz.repo
rpm --import http://download.openvz.org/RPM-GPG-Key-OpenVZ
现在打开openvz.repo ...
vi openvz.repo
...并禁用[openvz-kernel-rhel6]存储库（ enabled = 0 ），并启用[openvz-kernel-rhel5]存储库（ enabled = 1 ）：
[...] # Stable branches [openvz-kernel-rhel6] name=OpenVZ RHEL6-based kernel #baseurl=http://download.openvz.org/kernel/branches/rhel6-2.6.32/current/ mirrorlist=http://download.openvz.org/kernel/mirrors-rhel6-2.6.32 enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://download.openvz.org/RPM-GPG-Key-OpenVZ [openvz-kernel-rhel5] name=OpenVZ RHEL5-based kernel #baseurl=http://download.openvz.org/kernel/branches/rhel5-2.6.18/current/ mirrorlist=http://download.openvz.org/kernel/mirrors-rhel5-2.6.18 enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://download.openvz.org/RPM-GPG-Key-OpenVZ [openvz-kernel-rhel4] name=OpenVZ RHEL4-based kernel #baseurl=http://download.openvz.org/kernel/branches/rhel4-2.6.9/current/ mirrorlist=http://download.openvz.org/kernel/mirrors-rhel4-2.6.9 enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://download.openvz.org/RPM-GPG-Key-OpenVZ [...] |
存储库包含几个不同的OpenVZ内核（您可以在这里找到有关它们的更多详细信息： http : //wiki.openvz.org/Kernel_flavors ）。 命令
yum search ovzkernel
显示可用的内核：
[root@server1 yum.repos.d]# yum search vzkernel
...
ovzkernel.i686 : Virtuozzo Linux kernel (the core of the Linux operating system)
ovzkernel.x86_64 : Virtuozzo Linux kernel (the core of the Linux operating system)
ovzkernel-PAE.i686 : The Linux kernel compiled for PAE capable machines.
ovzkernel-PAE-devel.i686 : Development package for building kernel modules to match the PAE kernel.
ovzkernel-devel.i686 : Development package for building kernel modules to match the kernel.
ovzkernel-devel.x86_64 : Development package for building kernel modules to match the kernel.
ovzkernel-ent.i686 : The Linux kernel compiled for huge mem capable machines.
ovzkernel-ent-devel.i686 : Development package for building kernel modules to match the ent kernel.
ovzkernel-xen.i686 : The Linux kernel compiled for Xen VM operations
ovzkernel-xen.x86_64 : The Linux kernel compiled for Xen VM operations
ovzkernel-xen-devel.i686 : Development package for building kernel modules to match the kernel.
ovzkernel-xen-devel.x86_64 : Development package for building kernel modules to match the kernel.
[root@server1 yum.repos.d]#
选择其中一个并安装如下：
yum install ovzkernel
如果最后一个命令给出错误，如...
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/acpi/acpi_memhotplug.ko needs unknown symbol strcpy
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/acpi/acpi_memhotplug.ko needs unknown symbol add_memory
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/acpi/acpi_memhotplug.ko needs unknown symbol swiotlb
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/acpi/acpi_memhotplug.ko needs unknown symbol memory_add_physaddr_to_nid
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/acpi/acpi_memhotplug.ko needs unknown symbol remove_memory
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/acpi/acpi_memhotplug.ko needs unknown symbol strcmp
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/acpi/acpi_memhotplug.ko needs unknown symbol acpi_get_node
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/edac/amd64_edac_mod.ko needs unknown symbol amd_unregister_ecc_decoder
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/edac/amd64_edac_mod.ko needs unknown symbol amd_register_ecc_decoder
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/edac/amd64_edac_mod.ko needs unknown symbol amd_report_gart_errors
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/edac/amd64_edac_mod.ko needs unknown symbol amd_decode_nb_mce
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/cpufreq/freq_table.ko needs unknown symbol strcpy
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/cpufreq/freq_table.ko needs unknown symbol _cpu_pda
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/edac/i7core_edac.ko needs unknown symbol edac_mce_register
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/edac/i7core_edac.ko needs unknown symbol edac_mce_unregister
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/edac/i7core_edac.ko needs unknown symbol __memcpy
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/infiniband/hw/ipath/ib_ipath.ko needs unknown symbol dma_ops
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/infiniband/hw/ipath/ib_ipath.ko needs unknown symbol copy_from_user
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/infiniband/hw/ipath/ib_ipath.ko needs unknown symbol bad_dma_address
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/infiniband/hw/ipath/ib_ipath.ko needs unknown symbol find_first_bit
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/infiniband/hw/ipath/ib_ipath.ko needs unknown symbol strcat
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/infiniband/hw/ipath/ib_ipath.ko needs unknown symbol mem_section
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/infiniband/hw/ipath/ib_ipath.ko needs unknown symbol copy_to_user
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/infiniband/hw/ipath/ib_ipath.ko needs unknown symbol strncpy
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/infiniband/hw/ipath/ib_ipath.ko needs unknown symbol __memcpy
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/infiniband/hw/ipath/ib_ipath.ko needs unknown symbol strcmp
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/infiniband/hw/ipath/ib_ipath.ko needs unknown symbol alloc_pages_current
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/arch/x86_64/kernel/microcode.ko needs unknown symbol copy_from_user
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/arch/x86_64/oprofile/oprofile.ko needs unknown symbol cpu_to_node
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/arch/x86_64/oprofile/oprofile.ko needs unknown symbol copy_from_user
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/arch/x86_64/oprofile/oprofile.ko needs unknown symbol copy_user_generic
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/arch/x86_64/oprofile/oprofile.ko needs unknown symbol profile_pc
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/arch/x86_64/oprofile/oprofile.ko needs unknown symbol copy_to_user
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/arch/x86_64/oprofile/oprofile.ko needs unknown symbol strcmp
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/arch/x86_64/kernel/cpufreq/powernow-k8.ko needs unknown symbol strncmp
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/arch/x86_64/kernel/cpufreq/powernow-k8.ko needs unknown symbol _cpu_pda
WARNING: /lib/modules/2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2/kernel/drivers/pci/hotplug/shpchp.ko needs unknown symbol strcpy
...请删除ovzkernel ...
yum remove ovzkernel
...并为您的架构安装ovzkernel包：
在x86_64系统上：
yum install ovzkernel.x86_64
在i686系统上：
yum install ovzkernel.i686
这也应该自动更新GRUB引导加载程序。 无论如何，我们应该打开/boot/grub/menu.lst ; 第一个内核节应该包含新的OpenVZ内核。 确保默认值为0 ，以便第一个内核（OpenVZ内核）自动引导，而不是默认的CentOS内核。
vi /boot/grub/menu.lst
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
# root (hd0,0)
# kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
# initrd /initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title OpenVZ (2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 selinux=0
initrd /initrd-2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2.img
title CentOS (2.6.18-274.el5)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-274.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
initrd /initrd-2.6.18-274.el5.img |
现在我们安装一些OpenVZ用户工具：
yum install vzctl vzquota
打开/etc/sysctl.conf并确保您具有以下设置：
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
[...] net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1 kernel.sysrq = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=1 net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1 [...] |
如果需要修改/etc/sysctl.conf ，请运行
sysctl -p
之后。
如果虚拟机的IP地址与主机系统的IP地址不同，则以下步骤很重要。 如果不这样做，网络将无法在虚拟机中运行！
打开/etc/vz/vz.conf并将NEIGHBOUR_DEVS设置为全部 ：
vi /etc/vz/vz.conf
[...] NEIGHBOUR_DEVS=all [...] |
如果要使用OpenVZ，则需要禁用SELinux。 打开/ etc / sysconfig / selinux并将SELINUX的值设置为disabled ：
vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - SELinux is fully disabled. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= type of policy in use. Possible values are: # targeted - Only targeted network daemons are protected. # strict - Full SELinux protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted |
最后重新启动系统：
reboot
如果您的系统重新启动没有问题，那么一切都很好！
跑
uname -r
并且您的新OpenVZ内核应显示：
[root@server1 ~]# uname -r
2.6.18-274.el5.028stab093.2
[root@server1 ~]#
