在这篇文章中，我们将看到我们如何使用的dmidecode命令检索任何Linux系统的硬件信息。 假设，如果我们要升级，我们需要收集如内存 ，BIOS和CPU等信息的系统 随着的dmidecode命令的帮助下，我们会知道的细节，而无需打开系统的底盘。 的dmidecode命令适用于RHEL / CentOS的 / Fedora的 / Ubuntu Linux操作系统。
如何在Linux中获取硬件信息
的dmidecode工具读取DMI（一说SMBIOS）表来获取数据并显示有用的系统信息像硬件的详细信息 ， 序列号和BIOS版本， 处理器等。 以人类可读的格式。 您可能需要root priviledge才能执行dmidecode命令。
代码的基本输出
下面是Demidecode命令示例输出。
# dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3). SMBIOS 2.3 present. 45 structures occupying 1642 bytes. Table at 0x000E0010. Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes BIOS Information Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD Version: 6.00 Release Date: 12/06/2006 Address: 0xE78A0 Runtime Size: 100192 bytes ROM Size: 64 kB Characteristics: ISA is supported PCI is supported PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported PNP is supported APM is supported BIOS is upgradeable BIOS shadowing is allowed ESCD support is available USB legacy is supported Smart battery is supported BIOS boot specification is supported
2.如何获取DMI类型
DMI标识给我们系统的特定的硬件信息。 的dmidecode与选项'-t'或' 型 '和'ID'将为我们提供确切的infromation。 ID 6会给我们内存模块的信息。
[root@youcl ~]# dmidecode -t 6 # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3). SMBIOS 2.3 present. Handle 0x0009, DMI type 6, 12 bytes Memory Module Information Socket Designation: RAM socket #0 Bank Connections: 0 1 Current Speed: Unknown Type: EDO DIMM Installed Size: 1024 MB (Single-bank Connection) Enabled Size: 1024 MB (Single-bank Connection) Error Status: OK Handle 0x000A, DMI type 6, 12 bytes Memory Module Information Socket Designation: RAM socket #1 Bank Connections: 2 3 Current Speed: Unknown Type: EDO DIMM Installed Size: Not Installed Enabled Size: Not Installed Error Status: OK Handle 0x000B, DMI type 6, 12 bytes Memory Module Information Socket Designation: RAM socket #2 Bank Connections: 4 5 Current Speed: Unknown Type: EDO DIMM Installed Size: Not Installed Enabled Size: Not Installed Error Status: OK Handle 0x000C, DMI type 6, 12 bytes Memory Module Information Socket Designation: RAM socket #3 Bank Connections: 6 7 Current Speed: Unknown Type: EDO DIMM Installed Size: Not Installed Enabled Size: Not Installed Error Status: OK
以下是DMI类型的详细信息。
Type Information ---------------------------------------- 0 BIOS 1 System 2 Base Board 3 Chassis 4 Processor 5 Memory Controller 6 Memory Module 7 Cache 8 Port Connector 9 System Slots 10 On Board Devices 11 OEM Strings 12 System Configuration Options 13 BIOS Language 14 Group Associations 15 System Event Log 16 Physical Memory Array 17 Memory Device 18 32-bit Memory Error 19 Memory Array Mapped Address 20 Memory Device Mapped Address 21 Built-in Pointing Device 22 Portable Battery 23 System Reset 24 Hardware Security 25 System Power Controls 26 Voltage Probe 27 Cooling Device 28 Temperature Probe 29 Electrical Current Probe 30 Out-of-band Remote Access 31 Boot Integrity Services 32 System Boot 33 64-bit Memory Error 34 Management Device 35 Management Device Component 36 Management Device Threshold Data 37 Memory Channel 38 IPMI Device 39 Power Supply
相反，与“TYPE_ID'去，你也可以使用带有”-t“参数的命令的dmidecode关键字。 以下是可用关键字的列表。
Keyword Types ------------------------------ bios 0, 13 system 1, 12, 15, 23, 32 baseboard 2, 10 chassis 3 processor 4 memory 5, 6, 16, 17 cache 7 connector 8 slot 9
例如，为了获得对系统的缓存信息，您可以执行以下命令，而不是ID 7。
[root@youcl ~]# dmidecode -t cache # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3). SMBIOS 2.3 present. Handle 0x000D, DMI type 7, 19 bytes Cache Information Socket Designation: L1 Cache Configuration: Enabled, Socketed, Level 1 Operational Mode: Write Back Location: Internal Installed Size: 16 kB Maximum Size: 16 kB Supported SRAM Types: Burst Pipeline Burst Asynchronous Installed SRAM Type: Asynchronous Speed: Unknown Error Correction Type: Unknown System Type: Unknown Associativity: Unknown Handle 0x000E, DMI type 7, 19 bytes Cache Information Socket Designation: L2 Cache Configuration: Enabled, Socketed, Level 2 Operational Mode: Write Back Location: External Installed Size: 0 kB Maximum Size: 512 kB Supported SRAM Types: Burst Pipeline Burst Asynchronous Installed SRAM Type: None Speed: Unknown Error Correction Type: Unknown System Type: Unknown Associativity: Unknown
3.如何获取内存信息
我如何获得对系统内存信息和多少内存被系统支持？ 下面的命令表明，该系统可以支持的内存最高4GB。
[root@youcl ~]# dmidecode -t 16 # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3). SMBIOS 2.3 present. Handle 0x001D, DMI type 16, 15 bytes Physical Memory Array Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory Error Correction Type: None Maximum Capacity: 4 GB Error Information Handle: Not Provided Number Of Devices: 4
注：从关键字列表内存相关的信息ID是5，6，16和17。
4.如何获取BIOS信息？
要获取系统的BIOS信息，运行带有“-t”选项下面的命令。
[root@youcl ~]# dmidecode -t bios # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3). SMBIOS 2.3 present. Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes BIOS Information Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD Version: 6.00 Release Date: 12/06/2006 Address: 0xE78A0 Runtime Size: 100192 bytes ROM Size: 64 kB Characteristics: ISA is supported PCI is supported PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported PNP is supported APM is supported BIOS is upgradeable BIOS shadowing is allowed ESCD support is available USB legacy is supported Smart battery is supported BIOS boot specification is supported
5.如何获取制造商，型号和序列号？
要获得有关制造商 ， 型号和系统序列号的信息，请使用以下命令，如下图所示。
[root@youcl ~]# dmidecode -t system # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS 2.4 present. Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes System Information Manufacturer: LENOVO Product Name: 9637C76 Version: ThinkCentre M55e Serial Number: L9BT188 UUID: 8015D37A-2F82-DC11-A3FB-8C6E4EBAD5CE Wake-up Type: AC Power Restored SKU Number: Not Specified Family: Not Specified Handle 0x000F, DMI type 12, 5 bytes System Configuration Options Option 1: Jumper settings can be described here. Handle 0x0010, DMI type 15, 29 bytes System Event Log Area Length: 432 bytes Header Start Offset: 0x0000 Header Length: 16 bytes Data Start Offset: 0x0010 Access Method: General-purpose non-volatile data functions Access Address: 0x0000 Status: Valid, Not Full Change Token: 0x0000001A Header Format: Type 1 Supported Log Type Descriptors: 3 Descriptor 1: POST error Data Format 1: POST results bitmap Descriptor 2: Single-bit ECC memory error Data Format 2: Multiple-event Descriptor 3: Multi-bit ECC memory error Data Format 3: Multiple-event Handle 0x0017, DMI type 23, 13 bytes System Reset Status: Enabled Watchdog Timer: Present Boot Option: Do Not Reboot Boot Option On Limit: Do Not Reboot Reset Count: Unknown Reset Limit: Unknown Timer Interval: Unknown Timeout: Unknown Handle 0x001F, DMI type 32, 20 bytes System Boot Information Status:
请从终端或命令提示符下运行“ 的dmidecode人 ”更多地了解的dmidecode。
另请阅读 ： 10命令行工具来获取Linux的硬件信息
