Fluent提供了很轻量级的Http请求方法，Fluent API只暴露了一些最基本的HttpClient功能。这样，Fluent API就将开发者从连接管理、资源释放等繁杂的操作中解放出来，从而更易进行一些HttpClient的简单操作。
maven依赖引入
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>fluent-hc</artifactId> <version>4.5.2</version> </dependency>
一、基本使用方法
GET 请求，添加header信息：
//返回的内容及即为响应结果
String result = EntityUtils.toString(Request.Get("http://www.cewan.la").addHeader("Referer", "http://www.baidu.com").execute().returnResponse().getEntity());
POST请求，添加body信息：
//返回的内容及即为响应结果 String result = EntityUtils.toString(Request.Post(url).bodyString(JSON.toJSONString(obj), ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON).execute().returnResponse().getEntity(),"UTF-8");
其他参数配置实例：
//执行一个GET请求,同时设置Timeout参数并将响应内容作为String返回
Request.Get("http://blog.csdn.net/vector_yi")
.connectTimeout(1000)
.socketTimeout(1000)
.execute().returnContent().asString();
//以Http/1.1版本协议执行一个POST请求，同时配置Expect-continue handshake达到性能调优,
//请求中包含String类型的请求体并将响应内容作为byte[]返回
Request.Post("http://blog.csdn.net/vector_yi")
.useExpectContinue()
.version(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1)
.bodyString("Important stuff", ContentType.DEFAULT_TEXT)
.execute().returnContent().asBytes();
//通过代理执行一个POST请求并添加一个自定义的头部属性,请求包含一个HTML表单类型的请求体
//将返回的响应内容存入文件
Request.Post("http://blog.csdn.net/vector_yi")
.addHeader("X-Custom-header", "stuff")
.viaProxy(new HttpHost("myproxy", 8080))
.bodyForm(Form.form().add("username", "vip").add("password", "secret").build())
.execute().saveContent(new File("result.dump"));
注意调用returnContent方法，只有这样，才可以释放链接资源，否则同一路由的url数据流默认情况下最多100条请求
二、在后台线程中异步执行多个请求
package com.vectoryi.fluent;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import org.apache.http.client.fluent.Async;
import org.apache.http.client.fluent.Content;
import org.apache.http.client.fluent.Request;
import org.apache.http.concurrent.FutureCallback;
public class FluentAsync {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
// 利用线程池
ExecutorService threadpool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
Async async = Async.newInstance().use(threadpool);
Request[] requests = new Request[] {
Request.Get("http://www.google.com/"),
Request.Get("http://www.yahoo.com/"),
Request.Get("http://www.apache.com/"),
Request.Get("http://www.apple.com/")
};
Queue<Future<Content>> queue = new LinkedList<Future<Content>>();
// 异步执行GET请求
for (final Request request: requests) {
Future<Content> future = async.execute(request, new FutureCallback<Content>() {
public void failed(final Exception ex) {
System.out.println(ex.getMessage() + ": " + request);
}
public void completed(final Content content) {
System.out.println("Request completed: " + request);
}
public void cancelled() {
}
});
queue.add(future);
}
while(!queue.isEmpty()) {
Future<Content> future = queue.remove();
try {
future.get();
} catch (ExecutionException ex) {
}
}
System.out.println("Done");
threadpool.shutdown();
}
}
三、更快速地启动请求
package com.vectoryi.fluent;
import org.apache.http.client.fluent.Form;
import org.apache.http.client.fluent.Request;
public class FluentQuickStart {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Request.Get("http://targethost/homepage").execute().returnContent();
Request.Post("http://targethost/login").bodyForm(Form.form().add("username", "vip").add("password", "secret").build())
.execute().returnContent();
}
}
四、处理Response
在本例中是利用xmlparsers来解析返回的ContentType.APPLICATION_XML类型的内容。
package com.vectoryi.fluent;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.StatusLine;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpResponseException;
import org.apache.http.client.ResponseHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.fluent.Request;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
public class FluentResponseHandling {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
Document result = Request.Get("http://www.baidu.com")
.execute().handleResponse(new ResponseHandler<Document>() {
public Document handleResponse(final HttpResponse response) throws IOException {
StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (statusLine.getStatusCode() >= 300) {
throw new HttpResponseException(
statusLine.getStatusCode(),
statusLine.getReasonPhrase());
}
if (entity == null) {
throw new ClientProtocolException("Response contains no content");
}
DocumentBuilderFactory dbfac = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
try {
DocumentBuilder docBuilder = dbfac.newDocumentBuilder();
ContentType contentType = ContentType.getOrDefault(entity);
if (!contentType.equals(ContentType.APPLICATION_XML)) {
throw new ClientProtocolException("Unexpected content type:" + contentType);
}
Charset charset = contentType.getCharset();
if (charset == null) {
charset = Consts.ISO_8859_1;
}
return docBuilder.parse(entity.getContent(), charset.name());
} catch (ParserConfigurationException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
} catch (SAXException ex) {
throw new ClientProtocolException("Malformed XML document", ex);
}
}
});
// 处理得到的result
System.out.println(result);
}
}
